1 —משניות כלים פרק כד ומקואות פרק ז - Mishnayos Keilim 24 & Mikvaos 7

For a mourner or a yahrzeit: Mishnayos by the letters of the name

Keilim, chapter 24

(1) There are three kinds of shields.

A bent shield is susceptible to midras impurity.

One used for sport in the arena is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And the small shield of the Arabs is not susceptible to any impurity.

(2) There are three kinds of wagons.

One made like a chair is susceptible to midras impurity.

One made like a bed is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one for carrying stones is not susceptible to any impurity.

(3) There are three kinds of kneading troughs.

A kneading trough holding from two log up to nine kav that has cracked is susceptible to midras impurity.

If it is whole, it is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one that holds the full measure [forty se'ah] is not susceptible to any impurity.

(4) There are three kinds of chests.

A chest whose opening is at its side is susceptible to midras impurity.

If it opens at the top, it is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one that holds the full measure [forty se'ah] is not susceptible to any impurity.

(5) There are three kinds of leather spreads.

The barbers' spread is susceptible to midras impurity.

One on which people eat is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one used for olives is not susceptible to any impurity.

(6) There are three kinds of stands.

One placed before a bed or before scribes is susceptible to midras impurity.

One of a serving table is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one of a cupboard is not susceptible to any impurity.

(7) There are three kinds of writing tablets.

One made of papyrus is susceptible to midras impurity.

One that has a receptacle for wax is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And a smooth one is not susceptible to any impurity.

(8) There are three kinds of beds.

One made for lying on is susceptible to midras impurity.

One used by glassmakers is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one used by netmakers is not susceptible to any impurity.

(9) There are three kinds of baskets.

One for dung is susceptible to midras impurity.

One for straw is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And a rope basket used on camels is not susceptible to any impurity.

(10) There are three kinds of mats.

One made for sitting on is susceptible to midras impurity.

One used by dyers is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one used in winepresses is not susceptible to any impurity.

(11) There are three kinds of leather bottles and three kinds of leather pouches.

Those that hold the prescribed measure are susceptible to midras impurity.

Those that do not hold the prescribed measure are susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one made of fish skin is not susceptible to any impurity.

(12) There are three kinds of hides.

One made as a rug is susceptible to midras impurity.

One used as a wrapper for utensils is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one intended for straps and sandals is not susceptible to any impurity.

(13) There are three kinds of sheets.

One made for lying on is susceptible to midras impurity.

One used as a curtain is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And one with designs is not susceptible to any impurity.

(14) There are three kinds of cloths.

A hand towel is susceptible to midras impurity.

A cloth for books is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And a cloth for wrapping (and one for) the harps of the Levi'im is not susceptible to any impurity.

(15) There are three kinds of leather gloves.

Those of hunters of animals and birds are susceptible to midras impurity.

Those of locust catchers are susceptible to corpse impurity.

And those of fruit pickers are not susceptible to any impurity.

(16) There are three kinds of hairnets.

That of a girl is susceptible to midras impurity.

That of an old woman is susceptible to corpse impurity.

And that of a woman who goes outside is not susceptible to any impurity.

(17) There are three kinds of baskets.

A worn-out one that was patched with a sound one — one follows the sound one.

A small one patched onto a large one — one follows the large one.

If they were equal, one follows the inner one.

Rabbi Shimon says: The pan of a scale that was patched onto the rim of a kettle on the inside is impure;

on the outside, it is pure.

If it was patched onto its side, whether on the inside or on the outside, it is pure.

Mikvaos, chapter 7

(1) Some things raise [the volume of] a mikveh and do not disqualify it; some disqualify it and do not raise it; and some neither raise it nor disqualify it.

These raise it and do not disqualify it: snow, hail, frost, ice, salt, and soft mud.

Rabbi Akiva said: Rabbi Yishmael used to argue against me, saying that snow does not raise a mikveh.

But the people of Meidva testified in his name that he told them: Go and bring snow and make a mikveh from it at the outset.

Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says: Hailstones are like water.

How do they raise it and not disqualify it? If a mikveh holds forty se'ah less one, and a se'ah of these fell into it and raised it [to forty], it is found that they raise it and do not disqualify it.

(2) These disqualify it and do not raise it: water, whether impure or pure; the water of preserves and the water of boiled food; and grape-skin wine before it has fermented. How do they disqualify it and not raise it? If a mikveh holds forty se'ah less a kortov, and a kortov of these fell into it, it has not raised it; and they disqualify it with three log.

But other liquids, fruit juices, brine, fish-oil sauce, and grape-skin wine once it has fermented, sometimes raise it and sometimes do not.

How so? If a mikveh holds forty se'ah less one, and a se'ah of these fell into it, it has not raised it.

If it held forty se'ah and one put in a se'ah [of these] and took out a se'ah, it is valid.

(3) If one rinsed baskets of olives or baskets of grapes in it and they changed its color, it is valid.

Rabbi Yosei says: Dye water disqualifies it with three log, but does not disqualify it by a change of color.

If wine or olive sap fell into it and changed its color, it is invalid.

What should one do? He should wait until rain falls and its color returns to the color of water.

If it held forty se'ah, he may draw water and carry it on his shoulder and pour it in, until its color returns to the color of water.

(4) If wine or olive sap fell into it and changed part of its color, if the part with the color of water does not amount to forty se'ah, one may not immerse in it.

(5) If three log of water had a kortov of wine fall into them, and their color became like the color of wine, and they then fell into a mikveh, they do not disqualify it.

If three log of water less a kortov had a kortov of milk fall into them, and their color remained like the color of water, and they then fell into a mikveh, they do not disqualify it. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says: Everything follows the color.

(6) If a mikveh holds exactly forty se'ah, and two people went down and immersed one after the other, the first is pure and the second is impure.

Rabbi Yehudah says: If the feet of the first were still touching the water, the second is also pure.

If one immersed a thick cloak in it and lifted it out while part of it still touched the water, it is pure.

A leather pillow or cushion: as soon as one lifts their rims out of the water, the water inside them is considered drawn water.

What should one do? Immerse them and lift them out by their bottoms.

(7) If one immersed a bed in it, even though its legs sink into the thick mud, it is pure, because the water touches them first.

A mikveh whose water is shallow: one may press down even bundles of wood, even bundles of reeds, so that the water may rise, and then go down and immerse. A needle that is lying on the steps of the cave: if one moved it back and forth in the water, once a wave has passed over it, it is pure.

Rabbi Chananya ben Akashya says: The Holy One, blessed be He, wished to grant merit to Israel; therefore He gave them Torah and mitzvos in abundance, as it is said: The L‑rd desired, for the sake of his [Israel's] righteousness, to make the Torah great and glorious.